Ngenxa yokwakheka okukhethekile kwe-antenna, ukuminyana kwemisebe kungagxilwa endaweni ethile. Isilinganiso sokuqondisa kwe-antenna okungalahleki inzuzo ye-antenna. Ihlobene eduze nokuqondisa kwe-antenna. Ngokuphambene nokuqondisa, okuchaza kuphela izici eziqondisayo ze-antenna, ukuzuza kwe-antenna nakho kucabangela ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.
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Ngakho-ke, limelela amandla angempela akhipha imisebe. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwamandla anikezwa isidlulisi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi la mandla kulula ukuwakala kunokuqondisa, ukuzuza kwe-antenna kusetshenziswa kakhulu kunokuqondisa. Ngaphansi kokucatshangwa kokucabangela i-antenna engalahleki, ukuqondisa kungasethwa kulingane nenzuzo ye-antenna.
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I-antenna eyireferensi isetshenziselwa ukuchaza inzuzo ye-antenna. Ezimweni eziningi, i-antenna eyireferensi iyirediyetha ye-omnidirectional ecatshangelwayo engalahleki (isotropic radiator noma i-antenna) ekhazimula ngokufanayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, noma i-dipole antenna, okungenani endizeni okubhekwa njengokubhekisela kuyo.
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Ukuze i-antenna ikalwe, ukuminyana kwemisebe (amandla endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi) kunqunywa endaweni ebangeni elithile futhi kuqhathaniswe nenani elitholwe kusetshenziswa uthi lwereferensi. Ukuzuza kwe-antenna isilinganiso sokuminyana kwemisebe emibili.
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Isibonelo, uma i-antenna eqondisayo ikhiqiza ukuminyana kwemisebe izikhathi ezingu-200 kune-isotropic antenna endaweni ethile, inani lenzuzo ye-antenna G ngu-200 noma 23 dB.
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Iphethini ye-Antenna
Iphethini ye-antenna iwumfanekiso oyisithombe wokusatshalaliswa kwendawo yamandla akhishwa uthi. Ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza, uthi kufanele lwamukele kuphela ohlangothini oluthile kodwa hhayi amasignali avela kwezinye izindawo (isb. uthi lwe-TV, uthi lwerada), ngakolunye uhlangothi uthi lwemoto kufanele lukwazi ukwamukela ama-transmitters kuzo zonke izindawo ezingaba khona.
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Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna iwukumela okuyisithombe kwezinto zezimpawu zemisebe yothingo. Iphethini ye-antenna imvamisa iyisithombe esiyisithombe sezimpawu eziqondisayo zothi. Imele ukushuba okuhlobene kwemisebe yamandla noma inani lamandla kagesi noma kazibuthe njengomsebenzi wokuqondiswa kwe-antenna. Imidwebo ye-antenna ilinganiswa noma yenziwe ngezinhlelo zokulingisa kukhompuyutha, isibonelo, ukubonisa ngokucacile ukuqondisa kwe-radar antenna futhi ngaleyo ndlela kulinganise ukusebenza kwayo.
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Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpondo ze-omnidirectional, eziphuma ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zendiza, izimpondo eziqondisayo zithanda indawo eyodwa ngakho-ke zifinyelela ibanga elide kuleli cala ngamandla okudlulisela aphansi. Amaphethini emisebe ye-antenna abonisa ngokucacile okuthandwayo okunqunywa izilinganiso. Ngenxa yokuphendulana, izici ezifanayo zokudlulisa nokwamukela ze-antenna ziqinisekisiwe. Umdwebo ubonisa ukusabalaliswa okuyisiqondiso kwamandla okudlulisela njengamandla enkundla kanye nokuzwela kothi ngesikhathi sokwamukela.
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Ukuqondisa okudingekayo kufinyelelwa ngokwakhiwa okuhlosiwe kwemishini nogesi kwe-antenna. Ukuqondisa kukhombisa ukuthi uthi lwemukela noma ludlulisa kahle kangakanani luye ohlangothini oluthile. Imelelwa ekumelelweni okunemifanekiso (iphethini ye-antenna) njengomsebenzi we-azimuth (isakhiwo esivundlile) kanye nokuphakama (isakhiwo esime mpo).
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Sebenzisa amasistimu wokuxhumanisa we-Cartesian noma we-polar. Izilinganiso ezisezethulweni zezithombe zingaba namanani omugqa noma we-logarithmic.
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Sebenzisa amafomethi amaningi wokubonisa. Amasistimu wokuxhumanisa we-Cartesian, kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumanisa i-polar, zivame kakhulu. Umgomo oyinhloko ukukhombisa iphethini yemisebe emele ivundlile (i-azimuth) yokumelela okugcwele okungu-360° noma ngokuma mpo (ukuphakama) ikakhulukazi kumadigri angu-90 noma angu-180 kuphela. Idatha evela ku-antenna ingamelwa kangcono kuzixhumanisi ze-Cartesian. Njengoba le datha ingaphrintwa ibe amathebula, ukumelwa kwejika lejika okuchazayo kuzixhumanisi ze-polar ngokuvamile kuyakhethwa. Ngokuphambene nohlelo lwe-Cartesian coordinate, lokhu kukhombisa ngokuqondile isiqondiso.
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Ukuze kube lula ukukhohlisa, ukubeka izinto ngale, kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu, amaphethini emisebe ngokuvamile ajwayele ukwenziwa emaphethelweni angaphandle esistimu yokuxhumanisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani eliphakeme elilinganisiwe liqondaniswe no-0° futhi lifakwe onqenqemeni olungaphezulu lweshadi. Izilinganiso ezengeziwe zephethini yemisebe ngokuvamile ziboniswa ku-dB (ama-decibel) uma kuqhathaniswa naleli nani eliphezulu.
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Isilinganiso emfanekisweni singahluka. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezikali zokuhlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa; umugqa, umugqa we-logarithmic kanye ne-logarithmic eguquliwe. Isilinganiso somugqa sigcizelela i-radiation eyinhloko futhi ngokuvamile sicindezela wonke ama-lobe aseceleni njengoba ngokuvamile angaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa le-lobe eyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, isikali somugqa womugqa simele kahle ama-lobe aseceleni futhi siyakhethwa lapho amazinga awo wonke ama-lobe aseceleni ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, inikeza umbono we-antenna embi ngoba i-lobe eyinhloko incane kakhulu. Isikali se-logarithmic esilungisiwe (Umfanekiso 4) sigcizelela umumo we-beam eyinhloko lapho ucindezela ama-sidelobe weleveli ephansi kakhulu (<30 dB) maphakathi nemodi. Ngakho-ke, i-lobe eyinhloko inkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kune-lobe eseceleni eqinile, enenzuzo enkulumweni ebonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lokumelela aluvamile ukusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe ngoba kunzima ukufunda idatha enembile evela kuyo.
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iphethini yemisebe evundlile
Umdwebo we-antenna ovundlile uwumbono wohlelo lwenkambu kazibuthe kagesi we-antenna, evezwa njengendiza enezinhlangothi ezimbili egxile othini.
Intshisekelo yalokhu kumelwa ukuthola nje ukuqondisa kwe-antenna. Ngokuvamile, inani -3 dB nalo linikezwa njengendilinga edayishiwe esikalini. Ukuphambana phakathi kwe-lobe eyinhloko kanye nalo mbuthano kuholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphakama kwe-half-power of the antenna. Eminye imingcele efundeka kalula isilinganiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi/sokuhlehla, okungukuthi, isilinganiso phakathi kwelobe eyinhloko nelobe elandelanayo, kanye nosayizi nesiqondiso sama-lobe aseceleni.
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Kuma-antenna e-radar, isilinganiso phakathi kwe-lobe eyinhloko ne-side lobe ibalulekile. Le parameter ithinta ngqo ukuhlolwa kwedigri ye-radar anti-interference.
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iphethini yemisebe eqondile
Umumo wephethini eqondile iyi-crosscut eqondile yesibalo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Engxenyeni ye-polar ebonisiwe (ikota yesiyingi), indawo ye-antenna ingumsuka, i-X-axis iwububanzi be-radar, futhi i-Y-eksisi ubude obuqondiwe. Enye yezindlela zokulinganisa i-antenna ukuqoshwa kwe-solar stroboscopic kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-RASS-S evela ku-Intersoft Electronics. I-RASS-S (I-Radar Analysis Support System for Sites) iwuhlelo oluzimele lomkhiqizi we-radar lokuhlola izici ezihlukene ze-radar ngokuxhuma kumasiginali asevele ekhona, ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza.
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Umfanekiso 3: Iphethini ye-antenna eqondile enesici sesikwele se-cosecant
Emfanekisweni 3, amayunithi okulinganisa angamamayela asolwandle obubanzi kanye nezinyawo zokuphakama. Ngenxa yezizathu zomlando, lawa mayunithi amabili okulinganisa asasetshenziswa ekuphathweni kwethrafikhi yomoya. Lawa mayunithi anokubaluleka kwesibili ngoba nje amanani emisebe ebekiwe achazwa njengamazinga ahlobene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-boresight ithole inani lebanga eliphezulu (lethiyori) elibalwe ngosizo lwe-radar equation.
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Ukuma kwegrafu kunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo kuphela! Ukuze uthole inani eliphelele udinga isakhiwo sesibili esilinganiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Ungaqhathanisa amagrafu amabili futhi ubone ukwanda ngokweqile noma ukuncipha kokusebenza kwezinti.
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Ama-radials ama-engeli okuphakama, lapha ngezinyathelo ze-degree degree. Ukukalwa ngokungalingani kwama-axes ka-x kanye no-y (amafidi amaningi uma kuqhathaniswa namamayela amaningi e-nautical) kuholela esikhaleni esingaqondile phakathi kwezimaka zokuphakama. Ubude buboniswa njengephethini yegridi yomugqa. Igridi yesibili (ideshi) iqondiswe egodini lomhlaba.
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Izethulo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu zemidwebo ye-antenna ngokuvamile ziyizithombe ezikhiqizwa ikhompuyutha. Isikhathi esiningi akhiqizwa izinhlelo zokulingisa futhi amanani azo asondelene ngokumangalisayo neziqephu ezikaliwe zangempela. Ukukhiqiza imephu yokulinganisa yangempela kusho umzamo omkhulu wokulinganisa, njengoba iphikseli ngayinye yesithombe imele inani layo lokulinganisa.
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Isethulo sezinhlangothi ezintathu sephethini ye-antenna kuzixhumanisi ze-Cartesian kusukela ku-radar antenna emotweni.
(Amandla anikezwa ngamaleveli aphelele! Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo eziningi zokulinganisa izimpondo zikhetha ukuyekelela kulokhu kumela. Izingxenye ezime mpo nezivundlile kuphela zomdwebo ngokusebenzisa uthi ezingasetshenziswa njengezilinganiso zangempela.
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Wonke amanye amaphikseli abalwa ngokuphindaphinda lonke ijika lokulinganisa lesakhiwo esime mpo ngesilinganiso esisodwa sesakhiwo esivundlile. Amandla ekhompyutha adingekayo makhulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokumelwa okujabulisayo ezethulweni, inzuzo yayo iyangabazeka, njengoba lungekho ulwazi olusha olungatholwa kulokhu kumelwa uma kuqhathaniswa neziza ezimbili ezihlukene (iziza ze-antenna ezivundlile nezime mpo). Ngokuphambene nalokho: ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze, amagrafu akhiqizwa ngalokhu kuvumelana kufanele aphambuke kakhulu eqinisweni.
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Ukwengeza, iziza ze-3D zingamelwa kuzixhumanisi zeCartesian ne-polar.
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Ubude be-beamwidth ye-radar antenna ngokuvamile buqondwa njenge-half-power beamwidth. Ubukhulu obukhazimulayo obuphakeme butholakala ochungechungeni lwezilinganiso (ikakhulukazi egumbini le-anechoic) bese kuba amaphuzu abekwe nhlangothi zombili zesiqongo, amele amandla aphezulu anyuselwe kuhhafu wamandla. Ibanga le-angular phakathi kwamaphoyinti amandla anguhhafu lichazwa ngokuthi i-beamwidth. [1] Uhhafu wamandla kuma-decibel ungu-−3 dB, ngakho uhhafu wamandla we-beamw
